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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of a digital concept kind of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's made and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength class that shares some features of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, within an electronic payment method based on mathematical proof. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central power, that could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
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Bitcoin can be utilized to pay for things electronically, if the two parties are willing. In that sense, its similar to conventional dollars, euros, or yen, that are also traded digitally.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of committed servers spread around the globe. This brings individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
Bitcoin solves the dual spending issue of electronic currencies (in which digital assets can easily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys worth relative to others. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with very little alternative) bear the cost.
While senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept function in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all previous transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin as well as the ability to send them.
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In practice, each user is identified with the address of their pocket. Transactions can, with a little effort, be monitored this way. Also, law enforcement has developed methods to identify consumers if necessary.
Additionally, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their customers before they're allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin usage can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a particular transaction is observable to all.
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This is because there's no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. When a transaction is listed on the network, and when greater than an hour has passed, then it's impossible to modify.
While this may disquiet a few, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be advice tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Read more to find out how bitcoin transactions are processed and how bitcoins are mined, what it can be used for, as well as how you can buy, sell and store your bitcoin. In addition, we explain a few alternatives to bitcoin, in addition to the way its underlying technology the blockchain works. .
If you want to know what is Bitcoin, how you can get it and how it can help you, without floundering into technical details, this manual is for you. It'll explain how the system operates, how you can use it to your profit, which scams to avoid. It will also direct you to sources which will enable you to shop and use your very first parts of digital currency.